Efficiency of genomic selection in an established commercial. Genomewide detection of selective signatures in chicken. Genetic selection for low and high egg cholesterol has met with little success. The plant genome is an international electronic journal published by the crop science society of america. Design of the genomic selection strategy using deterministic prediction. May 05, 2016 the application of genomic selection to poultry breeding allows geneticists to be able to examine which specific dna sequences contribute to useful production traits and then select birds who possess those genes for the next generation of breeders within the pedigree program. Pdf applications of genomic selection in poultry jesus.
Two different measures of the bioavailable energy in feedstuffs are in use, metabolizable energy ame n and the true metabolizable energy tme n. The aims of this study were to investigate the accuracy of genomic prediction for fcr and. In bsw turkeys, selective breeding increased the incidence of parthenogenesis almost threefold in five generations, from 16. Newcastle disease nd and avian influenza ai are the most feared diseases in the poultry industry worldwide. In dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, sheep, and poultry, recording programs were established around 1900 in north america. Geneticists want to mate the super models and body builders of the chicken world to get the highest quality offspring possible. Gianola, 20 and genomic best linear unbiased prediction gblup.
Because genomic selection is now part of routine evaluations for broilers and layers, a natural progression is to expand into other poultry species. Males account for approximately 90% of the gene pool, contributing more to the genetic makeup of a herd in one breeding season than a cow contributes in her lifetime. Scientific and technological advancements have led to great expansion of poultry sector in last few decades. Natural attributes two natural attributes have attributed to the genetic improvement of poultry. Genomic prediction of avian influenza infection outcome in. Poultry litter selection, management and utilization in the. The research on feral chicken shows adaptation of genes associated with sexual selection and reproduction but suggested that feralization and domestication mostly target different genomic regions 10. The energy requirements of poultry and the energy content of feedstuffs are expressed in kilocalories 1 kcal equals 4. Theory unit i type of selection and their genetic consequences.
Over the years, farmed birds have been selected on various performance traits mainly through genetic selection. Response to selection and its prediction and improvement of response to selection. Genomic information can provide additional information for selection andor allow for a strong reduction in the generation interval. Here we describe the application of genomic selection in both layer and broiler breeder populations. Book of oral abstracts tropical agriculture conference. Genome wide selection r basics evolutionary algorithms. While genomic selection is shown to have the potential to improve genetic gain in layer breeding programs, its implementation remains a business decision of the breeding company. Avian influenza ai is a devastating poultry disease that currently can be controlled only by liquidation of affected flocks. In poultry, routine implementation of genomic selection has been preceded by several carefully planned multigenerational.
Understanding genomic selection in poultry breeding gwern. Pdf poultry production systems in the tropics matias. Breeding for disease resistance is a central focus of plant breeding programs, as any successful variety must have the complete package of high yield, disease resistance, agronomic performance, and enduse quality. In this regard, genomic selection gs has been considered most promising for.
Recent advances in sequencing the turkey genome dalloul, 2010 offer the necessary foundation to implement genomic selection to achieve faster genetic progress in that species. Achievements and prospects of genomicsassisted breeding in. The mean poultry litter generated per birdday was estimated at 0. Pdf intense genetic selection for economically important traits like body weight, growth rate, feed. Animal genetics and breeding course structure at a glance.
It has revolutionized the dairy cattle breeding industry and has been implemented with varying degrees of success in other animal breeding programs, including swine, poultry, and. Jul 31, 20 in breeding programs for layers, selection of hens and cocks is based on recording phenotypic data from hens in different housing systems. This paper describes and discusses implementation of genomic selection in broilers and layers, emphasizing distinctive features of the poultry industry. Instead in most instances developing countries uses high yielding commercial lines developed for intensified management system for crossbreeding with native fowl to increase the egg and meat production of native chicken. In the past decade, a series of gp approaches have been proposed, including the maker effect methods meuwissen et al. Now, companyowned snpchips are being utilised in both layer and broiler breeding for this purpose. Dec 01, 2016 genomic selection in the turkey breeding program published on dec. In chicken breeding high selection pressure and the use of only a few breeds potentially leads to the loss of genetic. Estimate marker effects for each trait in each line. In this study, a typical conventional layer breeding program using a fourline cross was modeled and the expected genetic. Undesirable genes in the donor genome must be excluded as far as possible. In poultry, routine implementation of genomic selection has been preceded by. They can cause flock mortality up to 100%, resulting in a catastrophic economic loss.
Poultry industry moved to its present modern methods of production. Although the idea of using dna markers to improve the rate of genetic gain in dairy cattle has been around for decades e. Establishment of markertrait associations mta paved way to integrate genomic tools in groundnut breeding for accelerated genetic gain. The use of antimicrobial drugs for therapy in this sector is minimal and the concomitant selection of resistant bacteria therefore of a. Mukherjee department of genetics and cellular biology university of malaya kuala lumpur, malaysia summary chickens and ducks are widely distributed in the tropics, although their genetic improvement. Genomic studies in the tropics genomic selection presents an opportunity for commercial breeders to increase the rates of genetic progress in beef, primarily, through increased accuracy of estimated breeding values on young animals johnston et al. Southeast asia, generations of genetic selection have developed breeds special izing in specific characteristics. Poultry genetics and breeding in developing countries. Assessment of the genomic prediction accuracy for feed. Current state of knowledge on indigenous chicken genetic resources of the tropics. The latest science, news and poultry breeding research and genetics information on chickens, turkeys, laying hens and broilers to help poultry producers maximize flock performance and yields from the editors of watt poultryusa, poultry international and egg industry magazines.
However, genetic improvements in the tropics on native indigenous chicken genetic resources are either rare or nonexistent. Altogether, the history, the types of markers, their application in plant sciences and breeding, and some recent advancements in genomic selection and genome editing are discussed. Theoretically, dnabased markers can enhance the efficiency of introgression. Scanning of selection signature provides a glimpse into. In many places, poultry farms are sited and intensively managed in the residential areas with little welfare improvement and major concern of poultry waste disposal. A special section covers the important area of disease resistance and transmission. A major contributor the mechanization of processing and automation technologies. However, many studies have shown that genetics may not be the sole contributor to phenotypic plasticity. Research in nutritional discoveries, disease eradication programs, genetic improvements, and new technologies. Some commercial broiler crosses are more susceptible to leg problems than others, 14. Genomic regions under selection in the feralization of the. Understanding genomic selection in poultry breeding a. Pdf implementation of genomic selection in the poultry industry.
Hence, brought about rapid economic progress worldwide in poultry industries. Application of genetics and genomics in poultry science. Study of the impact of genetic selection european commission. Detection of selection footprints in genomic regions can provide potential insights for understanding the genetic mechanism of specific phenotypic traits and better guide in animal breeding. A brown egg layer line was partitioned into two sublines, one used for genomic selection and the other as a pedigree selected. Some animals, and many plants, have multiple homologous pairs of chromosomes and are defined. This information can then be used to select parents for the next generation of the breeding programme. The focus is on shortening the generation interval, and selecting for specific traits. The results revealed that genomic selection can reduce the generation interval in the male to male selection pathway from 10.
Ame n is the gross energy of the feed minus the gross energy of the excreta after a correction for the nitrogen. Genomic selection in layer and broiler breeding lohmann. The development of genetically superior stocks capable of higher production, even under adverse climatic conditions, has transformed poultry from rural farming to fullfledged industry within 3035 years. Trait species references adiposity chicken, pig 10, 11 birth survival cattle 12 birth weight cattle, 14 feed efficiency chicken. Poultryworld genomic selection brings more genetic progress. The basics of chicken farming in the tropics 4 contents 1 some aspects of chicken biology 6 1. Implementation of genomic selection in commercial pig breeding. Genomic selection for the improvement of antibody response to. Oct 21, 2011 by the 19601980s broiler breeders had added direct selection for reduction in fat and improved feed conversion along with selection based on careful measurements of total carcass and breast meat yields designed in part to accommodate the increased demand for deboned poultry products.
Response and inbreeding from a genomic selection experiment. Results from these proofofconcept experiments will encourage us to utilize genomic selection as an effective strategy to accelerate tropical maize improvement. Most animals inherit 1 chromosome from each parent and are called diploids i. Compared with brazil, france produces about the same volume of milk annually. Importance of indigenous breeds of chicken for rural. These markers are used to build a predictive model using individuals with known.
Commercial selection for meat and egg production 86 genetic approaches to improved performance in suboptimal conditions 89 genetic diversity and conservation of genetic resources 92 poultry health and disease control in developing countries 95 poultry health and disease control in developing countries 96. Genetics and genomics in poultry have been the most rapidly advancing subjects since the completion of the chicken genome sequence in 2004 and have been extensively used to understand the genetic determinants of complex traits. By the 19601980s broiler breeders had added direct selection for reduction in fat and improved feed conversion along with selection based on careful measurements of total carcass and breast meat yields designed in part to accommodate the increased demand for deboned poultry products. Executive summary introduction the purpose of the study on the impact of genetic selection on the welfare of chickens bred and kept for meat production hereafter.
Poultry has become an efficient, reliable, and healthy source of protein. Occasionally, genes must quickly and economically be introduced into poultry populations introgression. Genomic selection and antibioticfree broilers wattagnet. The availability of hundreds of thousands of markers covering the entire genome. Nutritional requirements of poultry merck veterinary manual. The number of markers included in the genomic evaluations is dependent on the methodology used discussed later but the original set of genetic markers considered for inclusion is in the order of many thousands. Frontiers genomic prediction of complex phenotypes using. Current state of knowledge on indigenous chicken genetic. The tropical undomesticated c4 grass miscanthus is broadly adaptable and can be potentially cultivated in high. The advantage of genomic selection over traditional selection based on pedigree and phenotype alone is that animals can be selected accurately early in life, based on their genomic predictions, and for traits that are difficult or expensive to measure. Testing birds under field conditions will remain necessary for achieving optimal breeding results. Genomic selection in the beginning bayesian regressions to identify markers associated with specific traits too expensive hd genotyping all selection candidates.
In poultry, routine implementation of genomic selection has been preceded by several carefully planned multigenerational selection experiments in both layers and broilers misztal et al. Wolc1,2 1hyline international, dallas center, ia, usa. Introgression lines that combine foliar fungal disease resistance and early maturity were developed using mab. Through generations of genetic selection, chicken breeds have been developed specifically for meat. A linear genetic selection index based on mtblup animal model of breeding values with objectives to maintain body weight, egg weight at current levels, to increase egg shell strength and egg number, used for four generations in brown tsaiya laying ducks was evaluated. This book intends to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of the current progress in the application of genetic and genomic science in the poultry field. In order to understand how to implement genomic selection gs for tropical maize improvement, several proofofconcept experiments had been applied in cimmyt maize program. Genomic selection for poultry breeding1 animal frontiers. Poultry genetics neogen s advanced genetics have produced chicken arrays that provide maximum genomic coverage of multiple populations of layers, broilers and wild outbred noncommercial breeds for advanced genomic selection programs. Genomic selection is becoming a new paradigm for all agriculturebased breeding companies, for.
With the need to accelerate the development of improved varieties, genomicsassisted breeding is becoming an important tool in breeding programs. Understanding genomic selection in poultry breeding. To explain the methodology of selection and breeding systems for genetic improvement of livestock and poultry. The assumed size of the training population for genomic selection was 6962 cows registered with research centre for conservation of sahiwal cattle. It addresses issues associated with poultry breeding particularly by examining quantitative and molecular genetics and the uses of transgenic technology. Hauck institute of poultry diseases, free university berlin konigsweg 63, 14163 berlin, germany genetic selection in wild living animals favours a variety of different traits that are important for maintenance, and reproduction. A brown egg layer line was partitioned into two sublines, one used for genomic. The goal of the plant genome is to provide the readership with a short submissiontoonline publication of the latest advances and breakthroughs in plant genomics research. Genetic parameters were estimated for weight measured at four weekly intervals from body weight at day 1 bw1d to body weight at 24 weeks bw24 of age, as well as weight at first egg, age at first egg afe, egg weight at first egg, and total number of eggs en produced during the first 17 weeks of lay using restricted maximum likelihood. All member countries have significant smallscale poultry farming sectors. Examples of phenotypic traits of agricultural values that are genetically regulated by qtls, published in the last 2 years. Genomewide selection program for improvement of indigenous.
This comprehensive research book represents the first complete integration of current knowledge in this area. Genomic selection gs is the use of statistical methods to estimate the genetic merit of a genotyped animal based on prediction equations derived from large ancestral populations with both phenotypes and genotypes. Increase in production volume and productivity per bird may largely be. Rapid growth is also implicated in metabolic disorders, including ascites and sudden death syndrome. Hens produce a large number of eggs more offspring more opportunity for genetic progress within one generation short generation interval 2025 weeks a hen will come into production one hen will produce dozens of offspring. Gene expression programs can be influenced by environmentally induced epigenetic changes that may alter the phenotypes of the developing animals. Implementation of genomic selection in the poultry. Research article genome wide detection of selective signatures in chicken through high density snps zhuang liu1, congjiao sun1, liang qu2, kehua wang2, ning yang1 1 national engineering laboratory for animal breeding and moa key laboratory of animal genetics and breeding, college of animal science and technology, china agricultural university, beijing, 100193, china.
Indirect selection for improvement of animal wellbeing. Genetic distance estimation between chicken populations of. Pdf impact of genetics and breeding on broiler production. Ideally, the offspring will be better than either parent. Implementation of genomic selection in the poultry industry. May 27, 2011 the new technique, called genomic selection, can read the genetic information and thereby learn a lot about the characteristics and quality of the animals. As mentioned previously, the current chicken genome build has deficiencies, and these deficiencies result in the other avian genome sequences also being deficient.
Estimate bv combining marker and pedigree information of selection candidates. Genetic parameters and inbreeding effects for production. Pdf selection for high production in poultry researchgate. A new technology called genomic selection is revolutionizing dairy cattle breeding. Herd sire selection should be a thoughtprovoking and profitdriven decision process. Avian parthenogenesis is heritable as the incidence of parthenogenesis can be increased by genetic selection for the trait olsen et al. Wastes generated from poultry farms constitute hazard to public health as well as. In spite of typically very high mortality rates, a group of survivors was identified and genotyped on a 600k single nucleotide polymorphism snp chip to identify genetic differences between survivors, and age and geneticsmatched controls from unaffected flocks. Pdf genomic selection for the improvement of antibody. This is the first study to investigate the feasibility of genomic selection for antibody response to newcastle disease virus abndv and antibody response to avian influenza virus abaiv in chickens.
These experiments enabled verification of the promises of genomic selection in terms of increased. Genomic selection molecular breeding advances in nextgeneration sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled generation of largescale genomic resources such as molecular markers, transcript reads and bacend sequences bess in chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut, three major legume crops of the semiarid tropics. Advances and challenges in genomic selection for disease. Soller and beckmann, 1983, adoption of markerassisted selection by the dairy industry has been limited until very recently with a few notable exceptions, e. May 21, 2011 undoubtedly, genomic selection is however the most latest and world wide accepted method of improving the desirable traits and doing away with unwanted genes in chickens. Another way to utilize genomic information is the genomic selection, which is considered one of the essential methodologies in achieving the demands of a growing poultry meat sector fulton 2012. The mature weight of the jungle fowl is about 2 pounds, and a sexually mature hen will lay 1012 eggs during the breeding season. Genomic selection gs is based on the principle that information from a large number of markers.
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